CNC lathes are also called computer numerical control lathes, that is, lathes controlled by computers. CNC lathes are one of the most widely used CNC lathes at home and abroad.

CNC lathes are mainly used for the processing of rotating workpieces. Generally, they can automatically complete the cutting of internal and external cylindrical surfaces, internal and external conical surfaces, complex convoluted internal and external curved surfaces, cylindrical-conical threads, and other contours, and can carry out grooving, drilling, drilling, reaming, reaming and thread tapping.

The category and application of the machine tool can be identified by the model of the general CNC lathe. For example, for the model cak4085 machine tool, c-refers to the category code of the machine tool (lathe type), a-refers to the structural feature code, this example is horizontal, k-refers to the CNC machine tool, 40 refers to the main parameter code, the maximum rotation diameter on the machine body is 400mm, 85 refers to the main parameter code, and the maximum workpiece processing length is 850mm.

The CNC machine tool is composed of the main box shaft, protective door, three-jaw chuck, tool rest, chute box, tailstock, guide rail, and operation panel.

Headstock: the main transmission system of the CNC machine tool, which is composed of a spindle, spindle support, spindle motor, transmission parts, and speed feedback device.

Protective door: it is mainly used for safety protection to prevent chips from splashing on people when processing parts.

CNC operation panel: mainly used for NC programming, controlling moving parts, adjusting machining parameters, etc.

Three jaws self-centering chuck: it is suitable for installing short shaft or disc workpieces. To reduce the auxiliary time for clamping workpieces on CNC lathes, hydraulic or pneumatic self-centering chuck is widely used.

Four jaws single-acting chuck: suitable for installing square, elliptical or irregular workpieces. It must be aligned and centered during clamping.

Tool holder: it is used to install various common turning tool series, such as turning tool holder, drill bit, boring tool holder, electric square tool holder, and electric (or hydraulic) rotary tool holder.

Slide box: also known as carriage box, it is connected with the tool rest. It is the control box for the lathe feed movement. It can change the rotation movement transmitted by the polished rod into the longitudinal or transverse linear feed movement of the turning tool. It can directly change the rotation movement transmitted by the screw rod into the longitudinal movement of the turning tool through the "split nut" for turning threads.

Guide rail: it mainly plays the role of guidance and support, and has high precision, stiffness, and bearing capacity. At present, the guide rail types on CNC machine tools mainly include rolling guide rail, sliding guide rail, and static pressure guide rail. To improve the motion accuracy and positioning accuracy of moving parts of CNC machine tools, the rolling guide rail is widely used in CNC machine tools.

Tailstock: it is used to install tools such as center and drill bit. It is divided into intelligent tailstock driven by a servo motor and programmable hydraulic tailstock.

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